Cortisol, known as the "stress hormone," is essential for the body's response to stress and regulates various physiological functions. However, prolonged elevated cortisol levels may lead to serious health issues, including Cushing syndrome, characterized by obesity, hypertension, diabetes and increased infection risk. Globally, Cushing syndrome affects approximately 10 to 15 people per million annually, underscoring its public health significance.
High cortisol levels may arise from chronic stress, adrenal tumors and pituitary gland disorders. The pituitary gland, often referred to as the "master gland," controls cortisol production through the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Conditions like pituitary adenomas can cause excessive ACTH and cortisol production. Both benign and malignant adrenal tumors can also lead to increased cortisol levels. Symptoms of high cortisol include weight gain, particularly in the abdomen and face, thinning skin, easy bruising, irritability and difficulty concentrating, all of which can severely affect quality of life.
Monitoring cortisol levels is vital for managing related health risks. Healthcare providers typically use blood tests, 24-hour urine tests and saliva tests to accurately measure cortisol levels. Imaging techniques, such as MRI, can help identify tumors in the pituitary or adrenal glands. Preventative measures include stress management, regular exercise and balanced nutrition. If corticosteroids are necessary, they should be used carefully under medical supervision to prevent further elevation of cortisol levels.
In summary, while cortisol is crucial for stress response and metabolism, elevated levels may have serious health consequences. Recognizing and addressing high cortisol early is essential for effective health management.
Cortisol, known as the "stress hormone," is essential for the body's response to stress and regulates various physiological functions. However, prolonged elevated cortisol levels may lead to serious health issues, including Cushing syndrome, characterized by obesity, hypertension, diabetes and increased infection risk. Globally, Cushing syndrome affects approximately 10 to 15 people per million annually, underscoring its public health significance.
High cortisol levels may arise from chronic stress, adrenal tumors and pituitary gland disorders. The pituitary gland, often referred to as the "master gland," controls cortisol production through the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Conditions like pituitary adenomas can cause excessive ACTH and cortisol production. Both benign and malignant adrenal tumors can also lead to increased cortisol levels. Symptoms of high cortisol include weight gain, particularly in the abdomen and face, thinning skin, easy bruising, irritability and difficulty concentrating, all of which can severely affect quality of life.
Monitoring cortisol levels is vital for managing related health risks. Healthcare providers typically use blood tests, 24-hour urine tests and saliva tests to accurately measure cortisol levels. Imaging techniques, such as MRI, can help identify tumors in the pituitary or adrenal glands. Preventative measures include stress management, regular exercise and balanced nutrition. If corticosteroids are necessary, they should be used carefully under medical supervision to prevent further elevation of cortisol levels.
In summary, while cortisol is crucial for stress response and metabolism, elevated levels may have serious health consequences. Recognizing and addressing high cortisol early is essential for effective health management.
